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The policy provided for exemptions in situations where Canadian partners cannot be found, and applied to uranium production only. The ownership structures then in place were “grandfathered” from the new policy and were able to continue.
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In 1988 this merged with Eldorado Nuclear Ltd to form Cameco Corporation, now Canada’s leading uranium producer.Ĭanada’s Non-Resident Ownership Policy (NROP) for uranium projects had, since 1987, restricted foreign ownership of uranium mines to a maximum of 49%. * In the late 1970s the Saskatchewan Mining Development Corporation, a provincial crown corporation, had taken a 20% interest in the Cluff Lake development and a 50% interest in Key Lake.
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Mines that began operation since 1999 now contribute most of Canada's production, notably McArthur River and Cigar Lake. In 1988 the newly-formed Cameco Corporation* discovered the massive McArthur River deposit. Cluff Lake, Key Lake and the original open pit at Rabbit Lake have now been mined out (underground mining continued at Rabbit Lake to 2016). Mines at Rabbit Lake, Cluff Lake and Key Lake started up in 1975, 19, which up until 2000 accounted for most of Canada's uranium production (14,223 tonnes of U 3O 8 in 1998).
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Second phase of uranium miningĪ burst of exploration in the 1970s resulted in major discoveries in the Athabasca Basin in northern Saskatchewan, in Proterozoic unconformity deposits. Uranium exploration was revived by expectations of nuclear power growth, and as a result several new uranium deposits were discovered in northern Saskatchewan’s Athabasca Basin, starting in the late 1960s. Uranium production in the Bancroft area and at Beaverlodge ceased in 1982 and the last of the labour-intensive, lower-grade Elliot Lake mines closed in 1996.ĭuring the 1960s the federal government supported the domestic uranium industry by initiating a stockpiling program which ended in 1974, after some 7000 tonnes of uranium were purchased at a cost of C$ 100 million. However, this period marked the end of cost-plus production for export, and over the next few years the number of mines declined to four. The uranium yielded C$ 330 million in export revenue, more than for any other mineral export from Canada that year. This first phase of Canadian uranium production peaked in 1959 when more than 12,000 tonnes of uranium were produced. Three other plants were located near Bancroft, three in northern Saskatchewan and two in Northwest Territories. Of these 19, about 11 in the Elliot Lake area, including the largest plants, would come to be operated by Rio Algom and Denison Mines. Several proved to be viable deposits, and by 1959, 23 mines with 19 treatment plants were in operation in five districts. The northern Saskatchewan uranium province was also discovered in the 1950s and Eldorado Nuclear began mining at Beaverlodge in 1953.īy 1956 thousands of radioactive occurrences had been discovered. Deposits around the Bancroft, Ontario, area were discovered by the early 1950s, and the first discovery in Ontario's Elliot Lake region was in 1953. Postwar, uranium exploration gathered pace when the wartime ban on private prospecting was lifted in 1947. Uranium exploration was restricted to the joint efforts of Eldorado and the Geological Survey of Canada. In 1944, the federal government took over the Eldorado company and formed a new Crown corporation which later became Eldorado Nuclear Ltd. The strategic nature of such material resulted in a ban on prospecting and mining of all radioactive materials across Canada. A refinery to produce radium was built the following year at Port Hope, Ontario, some 5000 km away.Įxploration for uranium began in earnest in 1942, in response to a demand for military purposes. In Canada, uranium ores first came to public attention in the early 1930s when the Eldorado Gold Mining Company began operations at Port Radium, Northwest Territories, to recover radium.
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In 2020 it was overtaken by Kazakhstan/Uzbekistan (see also information page on Supply of Uranium). To 2019, more uranium had been mined in Canada than any other country – 539,773 tU, about one-fifth of the world total. With known uranium resources of 606,600 tonnes of U 3O 8 (514,400 tU), as well as much continuing exploration, Canada has a significant role in meeting future world demand.Ĭanada is a country rich in uranium resources and a long history of exploration, mining and generation of nuclear power (for coverage of nuclear power, see information paper on Nuclear Power in Canada).Production comes mainly from the McArthur River (currently suspended) and Cigar Lake mines in northern Saskatchewan province, which are the largest and highest-grade in the world.Canada was the world's largest uranium producer for many years, accounting for about 22% of world output, but in 2009 was overtaken by Kazakhstan.
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